Air blast circuit breakers are used for indoor services in the medium high voltage field and. In air blast circuit breaker or vacuum circuit breaker, the fault clearing capacity is fixed and independent of the fault current level. In this case, when breaker is used to break the circuit of unloaded transformer or shunt reactor, the current will be brought to. The 5000a vacuum circuit breaker is forced aircooled. This type of circuit breaker has been used earlier for open terminal hv application, for system voltages of 245 kv, and 400 kv up to 765 kv, especially where faster breaker operation was required. In iec it is considered to be ais if the capacitance of the liaison between circuit breaker and a line is less than 1. Powervac vl replacement breakers for type ge magne. The magneblast breaker was produced in several styles over the years, which include vertical and horizontal draw out designs.
Technical books pdf articles electrical engineering articles air blast circuit breakers abcbconstruction,working circuitbreakerairblast. Under normal condition, the fixed and moving contacts are kept in a closed position by spring pressure and the air valve is remain closed. Electrical circuit breaker, in particular circuit breaker, with arc quenching by a flowing pressure medium, such as pressurized gas. The working of air circuit breakers is similar to miniature circuit breakers air circuit breaker is a switchgear device used to provide overcurrent and short circuit protection for circuits ranging from 800 amps to 0 amps.
Gas blast interruption is dependent on turbulent cooling, and is therefore influenced by aerodynamic configuration, including nozzles, gas flow passages and mass flow. Whenever there is a separation of current carrying contacts in the oil, the arc in circuit breaker is initialized at the moment of separation of contacts, and due to this arc the oil is vaporized and decomposed in mostly hydrogen gas and. Cross blast circuit breaker in this type of breaker, an airblast is directed at right angles to the arc. In air blast circuit breaker also called compressed air circuit breaker high pressure air is forced on the arc through a nozzle at the instant of contact separation. A circuit breaker in which the contacts open and close in the air at atmospheric pressure is defined as an air circuit breaker. Now it is difficult to find new hvehv substations equipped with air blast circuit breakers. Air blast circuit breaker a circuit breaker using compressed air to force the extinction of the arc through an arcchute system. It operates in air where airblast as an arc quenching medium at atmospheric pressure to protect the connected electric circuits. Air flow in 11 kv air blast circuit breaker when the opening is required compressed air is admitted to the arc extinction chamber. Construction in air blast circuit breaker also called compressed air circuit breaker high pressure air is forced on the arc through a nozzle at the instant of contact separation. In the complete assembly there are three identical poles.
An air blast circuit breaker comprising a metal compressed air container having a capacity sutcient to contain a volume of air for at least one current interruption, a pipeline delivering compressed air to said container, insulating means serving as the sole support for said container and insulating it from earth, an air outlet opening in said. The cross blast lengthens and forces the arc into a suitable chute for arc extinction. High pressure air at a pressure between 20 to 30 kg. Air blast circuit breaker is those kind of circuit breaker which operates in air at pressure of 2030 kgcm2. In the air blast, circuit breaker compressed air is stored in a tank and released through a nozzle to produce a highvelocity jet. A circuit breaker is a protective device which can break the circuit automatically under the fault condition. Air chute air break circuit breakers have low contact resistance and they are silver plated. A compressors plant necessary to maintain high air pressure in the air receiver. In axial blast air circuit breaker, the flow of air is parallel with respect to arc.
Air blast circuit breakers are used for indoor services in the medium high voltage field and medium rupturing capacity. The air blast circuit breakers are especially suitable for railways and arc furnaces, where the breaker operates repeatedly. It is also good choice to avoid the risk of oil fire, in case of oil circuit breaker. Air blast circuit breaker construction, working and types. Pdf types of circuit breaker and its application in. Air circuit breaker acb is an electrical protection device used for short circuit and overcurrent protection up to 15kv with amperes rating of 800a to 10ka. Air blast circuit breaker employs a highpressure air blast as an arc quenching medium. How the breaker frame size method further identifies the breaker. Air circuit breaker working, different types of acbs and. The worlds largest generator circuitbreaker gcb hec 9 has been developed as a system for large sized power plant such as nuclear, coal fired and hydro power plants. With the advent of vacuum, we are now able to offer this rating for use in normal generator applications, where this high rating is needed. One should not be confused between air circuit breaker and air blast circuit breaker. Air blast circuit breakers abcbconstruction,working. Air blast circuit breaker free download as powerpoint presentation.
Current chopping in circuit breaker electrical concepts. Air blast circuit breaker diagram types of air blast. The crossblast lengthens and forces the arc into a suitable chute for arc extinction. Its primary function is to interrupt current flow after a fault is detected.
Oil circuit breaker bulk and minimum oil circuit breaker. In the air blast, circuit breaker compressed air is stored in a. Breaker population an excel file with 6337 records of the abcb breaker out fig. It is a circuit breaker with compressed air as arc quenching medium to exterminate the arc produced when the contacts are separated. Gei1 oilblast circuit breaker type fk255 construction of the cell to insure proper location of the inserts for supporting the breaker. Generator circuitbreaker hec 9 for 250300 ka abb group. Air chute air break circuit breaker in air chute air break circuit breaker, the main contacts are usually made up of copper and conduct current in closed positions. The basic function of the magneblast circuit breaker. An air circuit breaker also known as an air blast circuit breaker or acb is an automatically operated electrical switch that uses air to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by excess current from an overload or short circuit. Axial or radial blast seems to be favoured for the higher voltages although crossblast breakers particularly for voltages of about 15 kv and heavy current up to 100,000 a have proved satisfactory and need less air than would an axialblast circuit. The rnediu used to extinguish the arc created in airblast circuit breakers is a blast of very dry. This design evolved into an acb air circuit breaker with a spring charged operating mechanism.
The different ways of flow of the blast of compressed air around the contacts are shown in fig. The component attributes of the magneblast breaker. The magnetic field moves the arc into arc chutes where the. Compressed air is an excellent insulant, and is forced on the arc at the instant of contact separation.
In oil circuit breaker the fixed contact and moving contact are immerged inside the insulating oil. You can today find these in distribution panels below 450 volts. After the arc extinction the chamber is filled with high pressure air, which prevents restrike. Introduction air blast circuit breaker is used to interrupt heavy currents and for the extinction of arc with the help of blast of air. The circuit breaker can make or break the circuit either manually or by remote control. It has the worlds highest performance with shortcircuit currents up to 300 ka and it is also highly suitable for retrofits or replacements of old gcbs in airblast technology. Air blast circuit breaker electric arc energy technology scribd. Air blast circuit breaker electric arc energy technology. Airblast circuit breakers air blast circuit breaker rated for 500 kv air insulated breaker hpl air circuit.
The construction and working of different types of air blast circuit breakers are explained in this article. Early in production, the breaker was an acb air circuit breaker with a solenoid operated mechanism. Figure shows the essential components of a typical crossblast air circuit breaker. Air circuit breakers use compressed air to blow out the arc, or alternatively, the contacts are rapidly swung into a small sealed chamber, the. The essential feature of axial blast circuit breaker is shown below.
All air blast circuit breaker follow the principle of separating their contacts in a flow of air established by the opening of a blast valve. Air circuit breakers are usually used in low voltage applications below 450 volts. Circuit breaker is of gis or dead tank type depending on the capacitance of the liaison to overhead lines, it is considered as a gis or ais circuit breaker. Air break circuit breaker in air break circuit breaker the arc is initiated and extinguish in substantially static air in which the arc moves. The ionized medium between the contacts is blown away by the blast of the air. Air blast circuit breaker acb is one of the most common type of circuit breaker used in todays modern power plant. The air circuit breaker is used for the voltages less than 3 kv. Safe operation and maintenance of circuit breakers and. Types of air blast circuit breakers contraction and operation, axial blast circuit breaker contraction and operation, cross blast circuit breaker contraction. When a fault occurs, tripping impulse is produced which causes opening of the air valve.
Air blast circuit breakers is used for interconnected lines and important lines where rapid operation is desired. Application, advantages and disadvantages of oil, minimum oil, air blast, sulfur hexafluoride, vacuum circuit breaker. Mineral oil has better insulating property than air. The air blast circuit breaker is an external extinguishing energy type in which the high pressure air is employed for an arc extinction. They offer several advantages such as faster operations, suitability for related operation, autoreclosure, unit type multibreak construction, simple, assembly, modest maintenance, etc. Application, advantages and disadvantages of all types of. Such breakers are used for low voltages, generally up to 15kv and rupturing capacities of 500mva. The arc which is drawn is usually rapidly positioned centrally through a nozzle where it is kept to a fixed length and is subject to maximum scavenging by the air flow.
This chapter deals with the technical aspects of the design of airblast circuit breakers as seen in the early 1980s and does not establish cost or economic parameters for them. Air blast circuit breaker used compressed air or gas as the arc interrupting medium. The or for those with fewer than eight unprotected air blast circuit breaker exposures was 2. Air blast breakers are used at 500 kv the table on page 2 gives some of the advantages and disadvantages of.
Mountinggg arrangement primary contacts and arc chutes electrical devices including wiring. Air blast circuit breakers abcb construction working. Air circuit breaker construction and operation ece tutorials. In this type of circuit breaker, arc extinction is achieved using a magnetic field produced by the current in blowout coils connected in series with the circuit being interrupted. Pdf oil circuit breakers, air blast circuit breakers, sf6 circuit breakers, vacuum circuit breakers find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Notable improvements in circuitbreaker design are discussed in. How the magneblast breakers are classed or grouped. They offer several advantages such as faster operations, suitability for related operation, autoreclosure, unit type multi.
Electrical paathshala evolution begins with learning. Vcb means vacuum circuit breaker it used in high voltage hv lines it has one mechanism in this mechanism spring is there it is connected with small electric motor for charging the spring but we can do manually charge also by this spring ten. The auxiliary compressed air system of an air blast circuit breaker shown this article you will find air blast circuit breakers abcb construction,working. Index a air magnetic circuit breaker a circuit breaker that uses air as its insulating medium, and an arcchute system for dissipating the arc, a method of generating a. It may therefore be worthwhile to bear in mind a number of factors which have been influencing their fortunes throughout their lifetime of some 40 years and will continue to do so in the future.